Fundamental to the first assistance with sports injuries
If accidents arise despite all precautionary measures with the sporty activity, the damage should be kept as small as possible by an immediate and consistent treatment. Life-threatening conditions such as heart cycle failure, respiratory arrest and unconsciousness are treated according to the recognized rules of the first assistance (life-saving immediate measures). For this is referred to the appropriate literature. Each coach and responsible person becomes relevant a 1. Assistance course urgently recommended (German Red Cross).
General notes with blunt injuries
If the tissue is damaged from the outside, without it comes to a visible tearing up/damage, the body reacts with a uniform basic pattern. In the first phase liquid steps out from the extended veins and lymphatic vessels increases, which leads to a hump, provoking the pain receptors and to a restriction of the function. The principles of the lead-in supply and also the later therapy depend on these always returning features. For the close position of the far position of the containers caused by the injury best the use of cold weather is suitable. It is to be noted that to intensive cold weather can also work hurtful (Freeze!) Cooling sprays are not recommendable for this reason. Only if one pain treatment is to take place, e.g. with a footstep against the shinbone with impact against the bone skin (strong pain), then a short term cooling's application is justified.
In the case of a swelling the impact time of cold weather should be however long-term, since it comes to setting the refreshing measures off to a reactive increase of the blood circulation and can increase swelling. To best own itself binding, ice bags with pushed ice, soaked in ice water, or so-called of cool luggage, which are put on a cotton document (e.g. handkerchief). A further measure to keep swelling small is a compression bandage well put on, which requires however certain knowledge, since with incorrect plant congestions and an impairment of tissue can develop. May be used only flexible binding. An optimal pressure distribution succeeds with the use of foam pads. If it comes despite the bandage to stronger complaints, then this should be loosened, because under the bandage swelling can have spread and the tissue is at stronger pressure. The storage is effective and without risk.
If possible, the hurt part of the body over heart height should be stored. Thus a part of the blood from the veins of the hurt extremity can flow off to the inner body and the blood content in the containers decreases clearly, whereby also the crossing is clearly decreased by liquid from the blood in the hurt fabric.
Summarized applies to the described kind of injury the so-called B A C H (in german P E C H) very frequent in the sport - rule, whereby B stands for break, A for application of ices or other refreshing measures, C for compression bandage and H for high bay warehouses.
- B - Break
- A - Application of ices
- C - Compression bandage
- H - High embadding
Open wounds
Open injuries in the sport require a professional treatment. As Erstmassnahme a sterile Wundauflage (Kompresse) can come to application, if necessary also a Druckverband with strong bleeding to the staunching of bleeding. The further supply should take place in the context of the medical treatment. The inoculation protection against Wundkrampf (Tetanus) is to be examined in each case absolutely.
Heat faint/cycle collapse/heat exhaustion
To longer stay in warm environment, in particular during physical load, it comes to the accumulation of heat with peripheral containers far-posed and appropriate blood rearrangement. By physical activity it can come to strong ullages.
Symptoms:
- Swindle
- Weekness
- “Get black before the eyes”
- Consciousness disturbance up to the unconsciousness
- Snaps, flat respiration
- Fast pulse, with difficulty gropable
- Blood pressure drop
- Skin turned red, in case of collapse also palely
Measures:
- Calming of the concerning; bring into cool, shady environment
- With unconsciousness stable side situation
- Legs high bay warehouses and cool
- Emergency service alarm
Prophylaxis
- thin clothes, air-permeable
- Sun cap wear
- Shade look for
- direct sun if possible avoid