1. Risk kinds of sport:
Lower extremity:- (Thigh and calf musculature) jump and sprint: tennis, gymnastics, volleyball, track and field athletics, football
Upper extremity:
- (Shoulder arm musculature) throw, strengthening and kinds of ball sport: javelin, weightlifting, handball, gymnastics
2. Anatomy:
A muscle can span one or more joints and thus the movement this joint in different directions steer. It consists of muscle belly, stringy transition and tendon.(Contraction shorten) and an extending (relaxation) of the muscle.
4. Injury mechanism:
direct or indirect impact- direct: Impact on the muscle (by it muscle pulling to muscle tear)
- indirect: Rapid strong acceleration or deceleration (possibly uncoordinated) of a movement
- Combination of direct and indirect mechanisms
Increased danger of injury through:
- bad training condition of the musculature/cold weather
- insufficient warming up - bad blood circulation
- previous damage by old not healed completely injuries
- Fatigue of the musculature
- Cold weather
5. Symptoms:
- sudden or rarely slowly increasing pain during load- with tear no more load possible
- Depression (gap) or effusion of blood in the muscle
6. First measures:
- Immobilizing/high storage- Cooling concerned the range (with it do not put the ice directly on the skin)
- Compression (pressure dressing)
7. Diagnostics:
- Physician (stretch - harness - and local pressure pain)- picture-giving: Ultrasonic
- Blood withdrawal (muscle enzymes)
8. Therapy:
a) Conservative therapy (usually)- exculpatory bandage or federation
- large effusions of blood should be dotted
- decongestant medicines
- Cooling
b) Operational therapy
- particularly to consider with complete tears or large partial tears with achievement sportsmen individually
9. Physiotherapy / rehablitation:
- Electrical therapy- purposeful structure of muscle
- careful stretch (at the pain threshold)
- Lymphdrainage
- Massage of the muscle may not cause pain, since otherwise muscle calcifying arise
10. Prevention:
- purposeful sufficient warming of the musculature up- Training condition of the kind of sport-specific musculature improve
- with strong fatigue of the musculature training terminate (particularly with explosive kinds of sport)
- Stretch ability of the musculature improve (after training)
- Reconciliation of muscular imbalances
- Optimization of the co-ordination of courses of motion
- Sufficient liquid supply
- Pay attention after strong sweating to electrolyte supply (if necessary magnesium income)
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